1. The Christian perspective of the nature of spirituality and ethics in contrast to the perspective of postmodern relativism within health care. 

According to Christians, God exists as the Father, Son, and the Holy Spirit. They believe that God is a supernatural being who exists in different forms. All these forms are beyond the apprehension of humans (Christ, 2017). Christians believe that God is also the creator and sustainer of all that is present on earth. Christians believe that God is the giver of all humans possess, including the wisdom of treating the patients (Villegas, 2018). The Christians also subscribe to the belief that patients in hospitals ought to be treated with dignity and respect since they all created in the image and willingness of God, who is their creator.

On the contrary, the postmodernism relativism, suggests that the truth does not exist. Relativism is of the idea that the fact is invented rather than being discovered. It implies that only personal purposes exist. According to the theory, the issue of what is morally wrong and right is arguable. For example, it states that opinion on whether murder is right or wrong is a subjective idea (Sim, 2019). Postmodern relativism also states that the lives of the humans are not, more special than those of living organisms or even the non-living ones. According to postmodern relativism, in the nursing field, no one can find it comfortable working where there is limited truth.

2. Explain what scientism is and describe two of the main arguments against it.

Scientism is a life that everything can only be explained through the use of science. According to this belief, it is built on the opinion that people can only acquire knowledge through scientific methods (Sim, 2019). In most cases, people who believe in religion seek information through traditions that have been passed over many generations, which is contrary to what scientism subscribes to. Scientism is the exact opposite of Christianity and faith. Scientism does not believe in life death, unlike Christianity. Death is considered to be the end of life. Scientism considers human reason, and experimental methods to be responsible for all the knowledge a person possesses.

A significant argument about scientism is on the proposal that life exists after death. There is also the primary argument that God controls human beings. Many of those who do not subscribe to scientism believe that God is a supernatural being whose powers can be explained through science. In contrast, science moves ways from the lives of supernatural powers (Stenmark, 2017). Scientism relies on understanding all kinds of faith and happenings, even those some of the maters can never be proven scientifically.

On the argument of life after death, reincarnation may be considered a scientific belief. However, the reincarnation process is neither transparent nor fully proven. It, however, has gotten some support from both Christians and some scientists (Bose, 2019). This shows that not all happenings and maters can be scientifically proven, meaning that some ought to be accepted through faith. Nevertheless, both religious and scientific people fail to agree on other issues, based on the factors of faith and science.

3. Answer each of the worldview questions according to your own personal perspective and worldview:
4. What is ultimate reality?

In my own perspective, the ultimate reality involves having a God, who is the overall creator of the world and all the creations. Ultimate reality means that God has given humans the freedom of living as they wish. He nevertheless requires us to follow his commandments in the Bible and believe in Him. According to the Bible in the book of Deuteronomy, God asks humans to choose the lives they wish to live, though without sin. The Bible also states that God is watching over all His creations, where he is the supernatural being who controls the entire Universe. He is also beyond human understanding, a factor that makes the Universe unable to appreciate His presence without a strong faith.

1. What is the nature of the Universe?

The nature of the Universe is interconnected to the ultimate reality, according to my perspective. The Universe was created by God, with the Humans being the last to best created. Humans were created last to pass the message of God and also take care of all the other creations according to the Bible. Some of the activities existing within the Universe include divine intervention, miracles, and many other angelic activities. The Universe has an open nature, leading to beliefs that could never have happened in a closed world. The Universe was made by God to accommodate all his creatures, including living organisms, water, and air. All the creations have been designed in a way that they help and depend on each other.

1. What is a human being? 

Human beings are unique creatures created in God’s likeness and are a product of time and chance. Human beings are also the most evolved creatures, where they can undertake creative activities, speak different languages, and reflect on themselves. The brain of a human being can perform numerous activities, including critical thinking, having empathy, believing, and having faith, as compared to other creatures. The IQ of the human brain shows the humans’ uniqueness to God and the responsibility of Humans to take care of the other living creatures.

1. What is your knowledge?

In my opinion, knowledge is a greater understanding of information and storing it in memory for future use. It can also be the familiarity, awareness, and compression of specific information such as facts, skills, or objects. It may be acquired through various ways such as reading books, education, experience, research, exploration, and practices. A knowledgeable person understands a given subject well and can utilize the information acquired in various fields. There have been numerous debates on the differences between knowledge and real life, where philosophers have differently defined. As human beings, knowledge has been instilled in them from their time of birth through their education and from their experiences.

1. What is your basis for ethics?

In my opinion, ethics involves the moral values that guide people in making morally right or wrong decisions. Ethics are the moral values that guide the world in making individual decisions in their day to day activities. This may range from making leadership decisions, in the education system, conducting business, and making life choices such as taking a bribe, among many others. Ethical guidelines are crucial in the day to day activities of a person since they direct one on what one ought or fail to do. Failure to have an upright ethical conduct negatively affects the world in different environments, including home, work, and leadership positions, among many other places. Ethics are not just the guidelines that one should follow, but also involve the expectations of the society.

1. What is the purpose of your existence?

Everyone has a purpose in life. I believe that I am created with different abilities and talents, all of which help me pursue a purposeful life. My perspective is that we have all been created to serve a given purpose, serving God, obeying His commandments, and loving one another. In everything we do ion our lives, there is a need to be keen on the purpose of God and follow his teachings. Cohesion with other people is also a part of my existence in life since the Bible commands that we live with each other, just like in the Biblical teachings. This means respecting each other, having empathy for each other, and following all the Biblical teachings in the course of our lives. This means that there is also a need to observe the ethical guidelines and moral conduct in our various positions on other, failure to which we will fail to serve our purpose on earth adequately.

 

 

References

Bose, B. (2019). Death in Diaspora: Reincarnation, Oblivion or Heaven?. Diaspora Christianities: Global Scattering and Gathering of South Asian Christians. 267.

Christ, C. P. (2017). Christian Goddess Spirituality: Enchanting Christianity. By Mary Ann Beavis.

Sim, S. (2019). Postmodern Relativism: Jean-François Lyotard Versus Jacques Derrida. In Post-Truth, Scepticism & Power. 97-123.

Stenmark, M. (2017). Scientism: Science, ethics and religion. Routledge.

Villegas, D. L. (2018). Spirituality and belief: Implications for study and practice of Christian spirituality. HTS Theological Studies. 74(3), 1-8.